The Consequences Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Human...

The incidences of antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens have increased at an alarming rate worldwide (Tanwar et al., 2014). Nature has been a potential source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and a notable amount of modern drugs have been isolated from natural products, many based on their use in traditional medicine. The relatively lower incidence of adverse reactions to plant preparations compared to modern conventional pharmaceuticals, coupled with their reduced cost, is encouraging both the consuming public and national health care institutions to consider plant medicines as alternatives to synthetic drugs. The present study showed significant antibacterial activity of andrographolide against Gram-positive strains†¦show more content†¦cheiranthifolium selectively affects Gram-positive bacteria (Mendoza et al., 2002). Copalic acid, another labdane diterpene, isolated from Copaifera langsdorffii is found to be active against a number of Gram-positive bacteria responsible for dental carries (Leandro et al., 2012). 6-alpha-malonyloxymanoyl oxide, isolated from Stemodia foliosa, is also active against a panel of Gram-positive bacteria containing Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. anthracis, Micrococcus luteus, Mycobacterium smegmatis (da Silva et al., 2008). The MBC was noted to be 0.5 mg/ml for S. aureus (MTCC 96) with andrographolide. Bacteriostatic activity is defined as a ratio of MBC to MIC of 4; therefore, andrographolide can act as bacteriostatic agent in this strain (Pankey and Sabath 2004). Mode of action could be confirmed by some biosynthetic pathway inhibition, as demonstrated by cell wall, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. ~69% inhibition of DNA synthesis was estimated in S. aureus when treated with andrographolide. Approx 25% and 36% inhibition of RNA and protein biosynthesis was also observed respectively. A plausible explanation of this result is that, by impairing DNA synthesis, the compound might interfere with RNA and protein syntheses resulting in the downstream biosynthetic pathway inhibition.Show MoreRelatedDisease Essay Examples755 Words   |  4 PagesThought Paper: Pathogens Are Rare Virulence Varies Greatly Less than 1% of bacteria can invade our bodies and making us ill [5]. Such bacteria are pathogenic and have the potential to be disease causing. This means that the remaining 99% are rather ubiquitous in nature and serve beneficial purposes or have no effect on humans. 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